4th Math-Problem-Numbers and Number Relations

6. Decompose, combine, order, and compare numbers.

The term “decompose” refers to identifying various sums or products equal to the given number; for example, 7 is the same as 3 + 4 or 2 + 5 and 18 can be written as 3 X 6, 2 X 9, or 2 X 3 x 3. Test items involve whole numbers only. The symbols <,>,<, >, and = may be used to order and compare numbers.

7. Illustrate or identify fractional parts of whole objects or set of objects and like fractions greater than one, and add and subtract like fractions with illustrations and symbols.

Students should be familiar with multiple meanings or models of fractions including a fraction as part of a region, a fraction as part of a group of separate objects, and a fraction as a linear model such as a number line or ruler. Common fractions are used in test items and may be accompanied by illustrations. Addition and subtraction involve fractions with like denominators. Students should be familiar with equivalent fractions.

8. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers and explain, illustrate, or select thinking strategies for making computations.

This outcome includes understanding the underlying concepts and relationships of basic operations and demonstrating skill with the paper-and-pencil algorithms.

Table IV Parameters for Computations involving Whole Numbers
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division	Minimum	Maximum
	3 two-digit numbers 2 two-digit numbers one-digit multiplier two-digit multiplicand one-digit divisor two-digit dividend	3 three-digit numbers 2 four-digit numbers two-digit multiplier four-digit multiplicand two-digit divisor four-digit dividend

Some test items involving division require students to interpret and apply remainders.

9. Order fractions using symbols as well as the terms “at least” and “at most.”

Developing an awareness of the relative size of fractions and ordering fractions are essential to the understanding and application of fraction concepts and operations. Thst items may require the use of the symbols <,>,or = for comparing and ordering fractions. When appropriate, illustrations accompany items.

10. Represent whole number value by

a) applying place value ideas,
b) translating between words and symbols in naming whole numbers.

Relating counting, grouping, and place value will develop understanding of and appropriate skill in using our numeration system. Test items require fluency with numerals through the millions and the application of place value concepts in problem situations.

11. Add and subtract decimals.

Students encounter decimals naturally in many situations—data, measurements, and situations involving money. Students should be able to add and subtract decimals expressed as tenths or hundredths. Computation items are presented in either vertical or horizontal format, and some items include combinations of whole numbers and decimals as well as decimals used to represent money amounts.

Summit County ESC

Phone: 330-945-5600, Fax: 330-945-6222