MATH STRAND VIII:
DATA ANALYSIS AND PROBABILITY
21. Collect data, create a table, picture graph, bar graph, circle graph, or line graph and use them to solve application problems.
Items for this outcome emphasize the construction and/or use of a table, chart, or graph to record and sort information. Students may need to construct a table or graph, determine an appropriate scale for an axis for a specific graph, or to analyze the completeness and accuracy of a table or graph for a given set of data. Some items require students to use the information on the constructed or given table or graph to solve an application problem.
22. Read, interpret, and use tables, charts, maps, and graphs to identify patterns, note trends, and draw conclusions.
This outcome tests the student’s ability to read and interpret tables, charts, maps, or graphs; note patterns; predict trends; or draw conclusions. Test items may include tables, charts, picture graphs, bar graphs, circle graphs, and line graphs.
23. Apply the concept of average and calculate the arithmetic mean and mode of a given set of numbers.
Test items will have students find the arithmetic mean or mode in a problem situation. In the test items, the word average refers to the arithmetic mean, which is the sum of a group of numbers that is divided by the number of addends. (Some people use the word average as a generic term to refer to all measures of central tendency, i.e., mean, median, and mode.) The modes are the number(s) that occur(s) most often in a data set. (It is possible to have more than one mode.)
24. Make predictions of outcomes of experiments based upon theoretical probabilities and explain actual outcomes.
Students should be able to apply their knowledge and understanding of probability to determine simple experimental probabilities and explain actual outcomes. Students should be able to express a probability as a fraction or describe which event is more likely or less likely to happen in a problem situation. Students should also be able to interpret probabilities in terms of percents, e.g., explain what the weather report means by the sentence, “There is a 70% chance of rain.”
Test items may include illustrations such as tree diagrams, charts, tables, lists, or pie graphs. When appropriate, the items will include pictorial representations.
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