MATH STRAND III:
NUMBERS AND NUMBER RELATIONS
6. Compute with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
Items will focus on understanding and applying operations in problem situations. Students will need to determine what computations are needed to solve problems given in worded format and compute the answers. The following parameters are used for computations involving whole numbers, fractions and decimals.
a) Addition and subtraction of whole numbers include four-digit numbers.
b) Multiplication of whole numbers includes four-digit factors.
c) Division of whole numbers includes two-digit divisors.
d) Addition and subtraction of fractions include like fractions (those with the same denominators) and unlike fractions (those with different denominators).
e) Fractions include mixed numbers.
f) Decimals up to the thousandth place may be used.The concepts of improper fractions, mixed numerals, least common denominators, and comparison and simplification of fractions are prerequisites for computation with fractions.
Items that address this outcome will reflect and permit a variety of models and strategies and will not be solely computation-oriented. Test items may include fraction models and other pictorial representations of fractions to assess the student’s understanding of equivalent fractions.
8. Change freely between fractions and decimals.
Fractions and/or decimals are presented in real-life situations or contexts. The problem situations require students to change freely between fractional and decimal notation. Illustrations of fraction models and other pictorial representations may be provided for some items.
9. Order combinations of whole numbers, fractions, and decimals by using the symbols <, <, >, >, and = and/or by placing them on a number line.
Developing an awareness of the relative sizes of fractions and decimals and ordering fractions and decimals are essential to the understanding and application of concepts and operations involving fractions and decimals. Test items may require the use of the number line or the use of the symbols <, >, <, >, and = for comparing and ordering combinations of whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. When appropriate, illustrations accompany test items.
10. Use ratios and proportions in a wide variety of applications.
Test items may have students apply ratios and proportions to real-life situations and sets of numbers such as sports statistics and scale drawings. Given a problem situation or setting, students may be asked to determine whether two ratios form a proportion and explain why or why not. Test items will include pictorial percentage models and illustrations when appropriate. Ratios will be expressed in one of three ways, i.e., 2 to 4 or 2:4 or 2/4.
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